参考文献: 第五章

¹⁵⁹ World Health Organization. Breastfeeding: http://www.who.int/topics/breastfeeding/en/

¹⁶⁰ When to wean: biological versus cultural perspectives: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15326433

¹⁶¹ Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope variations in tooth dentine serial sections from Wharram Percy: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305440303000736

¹⁶² Introduction of solid food to young infants: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20842523

¹⁶³ Breast milk volume and composition during late lactation (7-20 months): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6502372

¹⁶⁴ Prolonged and exclusive breastfeeding reduces the risk of infectious diseases in infancy: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20566605; Breastfeeding and childhood acute otitis media: a systematic review and meta-analysis: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26265016; World Health Organization. Short-term effects of breastfeeding. A systematic review on the benefits of breastfeeding on diarrhoea and pneumonia mortality: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/95585/1/9789241506120_eng.pdf; Infant feeding in relation to islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes in genetically susceptible children: the MIDIA Study: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25422170; World Health Organization. Long-term effects of breastfeeding. A systematic review. Overweight and obesity: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/79198/1/9789241505307_eng.pdf

¹⁶⁵ Does prolonged breastfeeding reduce the risk for childhood leukemia and lymphomas?: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18449131

¹⁶⁶ Breastfeeding in the 21st century: epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26869575; Breastfeeding and endometrial cancer risk: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28486362; Breastfeeding and the risk of maternal cardiovascular disease: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28637778

¹⁶⁷ Breast volume and milk production during extended lactation in women: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10226183

¹⁶⁸ ABM Clinical Protocol #8: Human milk storage information for home use for full-term infants, revised 2017: https://abm.memberclicks.net/assets/DOCUMENTS/PROTOCOLS/8-human-milk-storage-protocol-english.pdf

¹⁶⁹ The Surgeon General’s call to action to support breastfeeding: https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/calls/breastfeeding/factsheet.html

¹⁷⁰ Maternal diet alters the sensory qualities of human milk and the nursling’s behaviour: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1896276

¹⁷¹ Early determinants of fruit and vegetable acceptance: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18055673

¹⁷² Effect of freezing time on macronutrients and energy content of breastmilk: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22047109

¹⁷³ Breastfeeding for procedural pain in infants beyond the neonatal period: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27792244

¹⁷⁴ Breast-feeding and optimal visual development: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8455123

¹⁷⁵ Infant nutrition and stereoacuity at age 4-6 y: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17209191

¹⁷⁶ Decreased thymus size in formula-fed infants compared with breastfed infants: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8888912; Breast-feeding influences thymic size in late infancy: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10592070

¹⁷⁷ Changes in brain weights during the span of human life: relation of brain weights to body heights and body weights: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/727739

¹⁷⁸ Essential fatty acids and human brain: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20329590

¹⁷⁹ Breastfeeding and early white matter development: A cross-sectional study: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23721722; Brown University. Breastfeeding benefits babies’ brains: https://news.brown.edu/articles/2013/06/breastfeeding

¹⁸⁰ Breastfeeding in the 21st century: epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26869575

¹⁸¹ Economic impact of breast-feeding-associated improvements of childhood cognitive development, based on data from the ALSPAC: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26794240

¹⁸² Association between breastfeeding and intelligence, educational attainment, and income at 30 years of age: a prospective birth cohort study from Brazil: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25794674

¹⁸³ Ecomall. Breastfeeding and the environment: http://www.ecomall.com/greenshopping/mbr.htm

¹⁸⁴ World Health Organization. Breastfeeding: http://www.who.int/topics/breastfeeding/en/

¹⁸⁵ Breast cancer and breastfeeding: collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 47 epidemiological studies in 30 countries, including 50302 women with breast cancer and 96973 women without the disease: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12133652

¹⁸⁶ Breastfeeding in the 21st century: epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26869575

¹⁸⁷ Breastfeeding and ovarian cancer risk: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24998548

¹⁸⁸ Lactation is associated with greater maternal bone size and bone strength later in life: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21927916

¹⁸⁹ Breastfeeding and maternal health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26172878; Long-term consequences of breastfeeding on cholesterol, obesity, systolic blood pressure and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26192560

¹⁹⁰ Beneficial effects of breastfeeding in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24749058

¹⁹¹ The effect of high-intensity breastfeeding on postpartum glucose tolerance in women with recent gestational diabetes: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28725256 

¹⁹² Breastfeeding and Childhood Leukemia Incidence: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26030516

¹⁹³ Does prolonged breastfeeding reduce the risk for childhood leukemia and lymphomas?: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18449131

¹⁹⁴ HAMLET - A protein-lipid complex with broad tumoricidal activity: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28212731